[On the applied medicolegal significance of the notion of "medical error"].

The current practice of expertise of the adequacy of organization of the provision of medical aid introduces a new aspect of the notion of "medical error" that is widely employed in medical profession, among lawyers, patients, and their relatives as well as in mass media. The universally accepted meaning of this notion has not thus far been proposed. The authors consider the medico-legal concept of "medical error" reconciling the contradictory opinions.

[The peculiarities of serum levels of S100b protein and antibodies to it in patients with crisis and stable essential hypertension].

The article covers the results of research into the levels of S100b protein and antibodies to it in the serum of patients with crisis and stable essential hypertension. The results show that neutrophic protein dysmetabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertonic dyscirculatory encephalopathy and the forming of cognitive disorder syndrome. The data obtained suggest that hypertensive crises lead to pathologic changes in hematoencephalic barrier permeability and the development of autoimmune reactions with participation of neutrophic proteins.

[Biochemical markers of apoptosis in different brain regions after training].

Activity of caspase-3 and content of DNA fragments with sizes 0.2-0.6 kbp and more than 4.0 kbp in the worm of the cerebellum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the adult rat brain were estimated in 4 and 24 hours after the procedure of acoustic startle habituation and fear conditioning. Heterochronic changes in apoptotic markers in the examined brain structures were observed after training. Caspase-3 activity was decreased in the worm of the cerebellum and hippocampus, and DNA fragmentation was suppressed in the hippocampus and brain cortex. At the same time, both caspase activity and DNA fragmentation were increased in the hypothalamus. These results provide evidence for the involvement of apoptosis in the mechanisms of learning and memory in adult brain.

[Etalon-free laser mass-spectrometry as a new method of the elementary analysis of bone tissue at identification]. / Bezétalonnaia lazernaia mass-spektometriia - novyi metod élementnogo analiza kostnoi tkani pri reshsenii identsifikatsionnykh zadach.

The results of an experimental study dealing with the elementary composition of bone tissue by using the method of laser mass spectrometry are described in the paper. The method ensures the quantification of concentration values of all elements from the Mendeleev periodic table that can be made within an extensive dynamic range, which makes it promising in the forensic medical identification.

[Protein HLDF and antibodies to it as molecular pathogenetic factors and new markers of acute cerebral blood circulation disturbances]. / Belok HLDF i antitela k nemu kak molekuliarnye patogeneticheskie faktory i novye markery ostrykh narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Clinic-experimental complex investigation and ELISA determination of protein HLDF as also primary antibodies (Abs) to HLDF values in blood and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of patients with hypertensive crises and acute aterotrombotic ischemic stroke were performed. Statistically improved difference in serum HLDF and Abs content in examined patients in comparison with age-matched controls as also significant intergroup's differences in protein and Abs dynamic content were determined. Correlation between content and dynamics of investigated factors in CSF and blood serum with determined clinical and instrumental parameters was revealed. Pathogenetic and prognostic significance of revealed changes in molecular factors was viewed.

[Concentrating dopamine in liposomes using transmembrane gradient of ammonium sulfate]. / Kontsentirovanie dopamina v liposomakh s pomoshch'iu transmembrannogo gradienta kontsentratsii sul'fata ammoniia.

The active loading of liposomes from egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with dopamine using an ammonium sulfate gradient was studied. Our conditions allowed the enrichment of the monolamellar liposomes with 90% dopamine added to the medium and, thus, considerably improve the dopamine/lipid ratio. Dopamine-containing liposomes with tocopherol in their lipid bilayer were shown to be stable for 3 weeks.

[Oxidation in liposomes from egg phosphatidylcholine loaded with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dopamine: mutual effect of components]. / Okislenie v liposomakh iz iaichnogo fosfatidilkholina, nagruzhennykh L-3,4-digidroksifenilalaninom (DOPA) i dopaminom: vzaimnoe vliianie komponentov.

Oxidation of egg phosphatidylcholine and catechols (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine or dopamine) in liposome dispersions was studied. These catechols, encapsulated in liposomes, were shown to decrease the rate of phosphatidylcholine oxidation by factors of 4.9 and 2.6, respectively, at storage in darkness at 4 degrees C. After 40 min of Fe(II)-ascorbate-induced oxidation, the level of malonaldehyde in such liposomes remained constant, while in the empty liposomes, it increased 3,4-fold. Egg phosphatidylcholine protected catechols encapsulated into liposomes from oxidation, and the rate of this oxidation was shown to be substantially lower than that in micellar solutions under the same conditions. Evidently, this can be due to the barrier function of a lipid bilayer.

[Physico-chemical properties of liposome forms of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dopamine]. / Fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva liposomnykh form L-3,4-digudroksifenilalanina (DOPA) i dofamina.

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dopamine encapsulated in liposomes have been obtained. These preparations can be used as drugs for Parkinson's disease. The level of encapsulation of the compounds under study in liposomes and their partition coefficients have been determined. The kinetics of DOPA (or dopamine) exit from the liposomes have been studied.

[Interrelationship between pro-oxidant and immunomodulating properties of vitamin D]. / Vzaimosviaz' mezhdu prooksidantnymi i immunomoduliruiushchimi svoistvami vitamina D.

It was shown in experiments on mice that 1.25 (OH)2D3 ingested per os in dose 100 ng during 5 days caused the great increasing of lipid peroxidation (LP) in peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells. The evidence of LP induction is the production of TBA-positive substances in these cells. Linear negative dependence was found between increasing of LP and functional activity of lymphocytes which was evidenced by blast transformation of lymphocytes under effect of concanavalin or mitogen of laconose. Linear positive correlation was shown between level of LP and function of macrophages.